Xaquuqda ah in ilmaha Naafada ahi ay helaan Adeegyada Xanaanadda Ilmaha

Guud ahaan Sharciga Xaquuqda Aadanaha ee Minnesota [Minnesota Human Rights Act (MHRA)] iyo kan Naafada Mareykanka [Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)] waxay ku tilmaam naafo qofkii leh iin jireed ama mid maskaxeed oo si weyn u carqaladeeysa hal ama in ka badan oo ka mid ah waxyaabaha qofku qabsado. 

Waxyaabaha waaweyn ee qofku nolosha qabsado waxaa ku jira, laakiin aad ku koobnayn:

• Is daryeelka qofku iskii isu daryeelo
• Araga
• Maqalka
• Hurdada
• Socodka

Waxyaabaha waaweyn ee qofku qabsado waxaa kaloo ku jira shaqada qofka qabto. Sida shaqooyinka habka difaaca cudurrada, dheefshiidka, saxarooka, qanjirada iyo xubnaha taranka ee jirka.

Guud ahaan, sharcigu waxa u qabaa in ganacsiyada gaarka loo leeeyahay aysan takoori karin dadka naafada ah. Intooda badan goobaha xanaanada ilmahu waa kuwa gaar loo leeyahay. Goobaha xanaanada ilmaha ee ay leeyihiin iskuuladu ama ururada bulshadu sidoo kale waa inay sharciga u hogaansamaan.

Qaar kaniisadaha ka mid ahi waxa ay kireystaan meel ilmaha lagu hayo. Hadii kaniisadi ay kireyso meel, kolkaa waa inay kala shaqeyso rugta xanaanada ilmaha sidii looga dhigi lahaa dhismaha mid la soo geli karo. Hadii su’aashani timaado, wac Hay’ada [Minnesota Disability Law Center (MDLC)] ama qareen kale si aad caawimaad uga hesho.

Ganacsigu waa uu diidi karaa inuu adeego bixiyo iyadoo sababtu tahay inay taasi ku culus tahay. Culuska siyaadada ah macnihiisu waa ay adag tahay in sharciga loo hogaansamo, oo waxayba keeni kartaa taasi in ganacsigu kaco. Hay’ada ADA iyo MHRA waxa ay keeyihiin xeerar ka duwan oo ku saabsan sida loo qeexo culuska siyaadada ah. Waxa ayna eegaan baaxada ganacsiga, kharashka adeegyada iyo arrimo kale oo badan.

Hadii bedelaad samayntu (gargaaridu) aysan suurta gal lahayn dhaqaale ahaan in ganacsigu sii furnaado, waxa ay oron karaan waa nagu culeys arrrintaasi, waxaana dhici karta inaysan khasab ku noqon inay bedelaadda sameeyaan.

Ganacsiyada yar yar ee ku kharash gareeya lacag siyaado ah si ay ugu adeegaan dadka naafada ah waxa ay in badan codsan karaan in canshuurta laga dhaafo. Hadii xarun xanaano ilmo ay tiraa ma awoodo inaan u adeego ilkmahaaga, u sheeg mulkiilahayaasha xarunta inay codsan karaan canshuur ka dhaafid. Dhaafidaas waxaa dhici karta inay ku aado kharashka.   

Caadiyan haa, hadii uusan kharashku aad u badnayd (eeg kor) ama aysan kaniisadi lahayn xarunta. Laakiin, hadii uu yahay dhisme cusub (oo la dhisay ama la dayactiray ka dib 1992 dii) kolkaa xeerarka arrintaa qaabilsani waa adag yihiin. Waa inay dadaalo macquul ah la yimaadaan. Taa macnaheedu waa sameynta bedelaadyo si kolkaa dadka naaafada ahi ay ugu isticmaalaan dhismaha ama adeegyada si la mid ah sida kuwa dadka aan naafada ahayn.

Dhismayaashii hore ah, xeerarkoodu waa ay ladifan yihiin. Mar labaad, waydii qareen inuu ku caawiyo hadii su’aashani soo baxdo.

Marmarka qaarkood haa, Marmarka qaarkood maya. Waxa ay hadba ku xiran tahay in bixiddu ay “culaabta weyn” ku tahay rugta xanaanadda ilmaha iyo in kale. Culaabta weyn macnaheedu waa wax ay aad u adag tahay in la sameeyo ama kharash badan oo lacag ahi uu ku baxayo. Waxa maalin walba la qabto, waa aad bari kartaa shaqaalaha sida gacanta la isaga hadlo. Waa ay baran karaan gacan ka hadalka ku saabsan, cayaarta , musqusha iwm. Kolka la akhrinayo sheekooyinka, waa ay ku dari karaan sheeko akhriska ilmaha dhagaha la’ iyadoo la tusayo sawiro. Waalidiintu badanaa waxa ay hayaan fikrado wacan oo ku saabsan sida ilmahooda looga qayb galiyo barnaamijyada. La hadal shaqaalaha kulana tali waxyaabaha ay sameyn karaan.

Xarunta xanaanada ilmahu waa inay keentaa turjubaan kolka ay jiraan hawlo gaar ah sida dibad-baxyada ama booqdayaasha.

What is a disability?

• 42 U.S.C. § 12102(1) 
  42 U.S.C. § 12102(4)- this part of the ADA gives more details about what counts as impairments that  “substantially limit” a major life activity.
• 29 C.F.R. § 1630.2(k) 
• 42 U.S.C. §12102(3)
• 42 U.S.C. § 12102(2) 

Are there different rules for different daycare settings?

• The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Title III
  42 U.S.C. § 12181(7). Gives the definition of “public accommodations.”
• Minnesota Human Rights Act (MHRA), Minn. Stat. § 363A.01  
• The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Title II
  42 U.S.C. § 12131 
• Section 504 of the Rehab. Act of 1973 (Rehab Act)
  29 U.S.C. § 794 

What are things the daycare provider must do for my child? 

• 28 C.F.R. § 36.104
• 28 C.F.R. § 35.130 
• U.S. Dep’t of Just., Title III Tech. Assistance Manual § 4.4200. 
• Minn. Stat. § 125A.27, Subd. 6 
  34 C.F.R. § 303.13

Can a daycare provider turn my child away?

• 28 C.F.R. § 36.208
• Fundamental alteration happens when policies, practices, or procedures that would be changed are essential to the provision of the childcare services.