Grandparents and Visitation

Spending time with your grandchildren is not a guaranteed right. BUT if a parent or guardian is not letting you spend time with your grandchildren, there are things you can do to try to get to see them.

If you can’t work out an agreement with the parents, you can ask a court to give you visitation time. A court only considers requests for grandparent visitation if you have “standing.” Things that show you have standing are listed below.

1. If your child is one of the parents and your child has died
    
2. In a family court proceeding like divorce, custody, legal separation, annulment, or paternity, or if a Recognition of Parentage (ROP) has been filed by the parents.
    
   • Example 1: Your child is going through a divorce or custody case. You can ask the Court to give you visitation rights as part of the divorce or custody case between the parents.
      
   • Example 2: Your child already got divorced or went to court over custody. You can file a motion in that same court case asking for visitation rights.
      
   • Example 3: Your child and the other parent signed a Recognition of Parentage. It was filed with the state registrar of vital records, but no custody case has been filed in family court. You can start a court action and ask the court to give you visitation rights.
      
3. If the child lived with you for a year or more and then the parents removed the child.
    
4. If your grandchild is adopted by a stepparent, and:
    
   • Your child is one of the parents and your child has died, or 
      
   • Your child’s parental rights were terminated because your grandchild was adopted. 
     
     Example: Your child got divorced, and his ex-spouse got remarried. Your child agreed that his ex-spouse’s new spouse could adopt your grandchild. Even though your child is no longer your grandchild’s legal parent, you can ask for visitation as a grandparent. 

The court only grants reasonable visitation to grandparents if it is in the child's best interest and would not interfere with the parent-child relationship. 

You need to show the court that it is in the child’s best interest to have visits with you. You need to prove, by clear and convincing evidence, that visitation would not interfere with the parent-child relationship. 

There is no one way to define this. The court looks at your relationship with your grandchild and what you’ve done to be part of your grandchild’s life.

• Do you call, visit, and spend time with your grandchild? 
• Do you know what your grandchild likes? 
• Does your grandchild enjoy time with you?
• Do you help your grandchild with school or try to help them learn? 

• If your grandchild lived with you before the adoption OR is adopted by relatives and both birth parents have died, you can ask for a “communication agreement.” This sets up what sort of contact you can have with your grandchild in the future. The agreement has to be put into a court order, and this has to be done before the final adoption order. It is a good idea to talk to a lawyer about this.
   
• If the child is adopted by someone other than a stepparent, you can’t have visitation if the adoptive parents don’t agree to it.

You don’t need a lawyer to get a visitation order, but it is a good idea. Find a lawyer with experience in family law, and especially grandparent visitation issues.

Go to LawHelpMN.org if you need help to try to find a lawyer. 

If your grandchild’s biological parents are married, and the child did not live with you for a year, then no, you can’t go to court and ask for visitation. 

If your grandchild’s biological parents are not married but living together with your grandchild as a family, you can go to court to seek visitation. BUT only if they signed a Recognition of Parentage (ROP) and filed it with the state registrar of vital statistics.

See the “Going to Court” section above for more information.

You must show that you’ve made enough of an effort to try to have a relationship with your grandchild. The court may look at several things to find out if you’ve done this or not.

You can do this by sending them birthday cards or gifts. You can write them letters. You can call them and try to let them know that you love them.

Do your best to say good things about the parents, even if you are not getting along. Do not make your grandchildren feel like they have to choose between their parents or grandparents. The court wants to see that the child won’t be emotionally or physically harmed by visiting with you.

The court does strongly consider what the parents want and look at why the parents don’t want you to visit with your grandchild. The court may look at what has happened between you and the parents. This is not enough, but it can play a part.

Each case is different. Talk to a lawyer if you are unsure about yours.

• Minn. Stat. §257C.08. Rights of visitation to unmarried persons.