Txuj Ci Tshiab Pab Neeg thiab Tsev Kawm Ntawv

Txuj Ci Tshiab Pab Neeg (AT) yog yam khoom lossis kev pab uas pab neeg muab xiam oob qhab kom pab lawv tej kev txawj ntxiv, kom tsis txhob xiam, lossis pab zom zoo tshaj. 

Thaum hais txog AT thiab tus menyuam kawm ntawv uas muaj xiam oob qhab, nws muaj cov kevcai cov tsev kawm ntawv thiab cov tsev neeg yuav tsum paub. 

Qhov cuab yeej cuab tam AT yog tej qhov khoom, ib qhov khoom, lossis kev siv uas pab kom tus menyuam kawm ntawv muaj xiam oob qhab ua tau ntxiv, tsis txhob xiam, lossis zoo tshaj ntxiv.

Cov cuab yeej cuab tam AT piv txwv: 

• cov computer thiab khoom tswj xeeb  
• khoom siv txuas lus, suav cov “tablets” tibsi
• khoom coj/pauv
• nyeem ntawv kaw tsev lossis lwm yam
• khoom pab hnov lus  
• khoom pab sawv ntsug thiab cov pab xyaum mus kev
• khoom thauj tshwj xeeb xws li tsheb npav, khoom pab nqa, thiab txoj kev neeg xiam oob qhab siv

Cov tsev kawm ntawv tsis tas muaj cov AT tau phais ntsaws. 

Qhov kev pab cuam AT yog tej yam kev pab kom tau lossis siv qhov cuab yeej cuab tam AT. Piv txwv: 

• kev kuaj seb yam AT twg thiaj zoo siv  
• yuav, xauj, pab qhia siv, lossis kho AT  
• kev qhia rau tus menyuam, neeg ua haujlwm, lossis lwm cov neeg pab qhia ntawv rau tus menyuam, li cov neeg ua haujlwm

Cov koog tsev kawm ntawv yuav tsum muab kev kawm ntawv tsoom fwv tsim nyog dawb (Free Appropriate Public Education – FAPE) rau tus menyuam muaj xiam oob qhab. Qhov no txhais tias yog tus menyuam muaj xiam oob qhab toobkas AT thiaj kawm ntawv kom txaus thiab siv tau tib yam, lub tsev kawm ntawv yuav tsum muaj AT rau tus menyuam. 

Muaj 3 txoj kevcai tseem ceeb uas muab txoj cai rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv xiam oob qhab siv AT hauv tsoom fwb cov tsev kawm ntawv. 

1. Txoj kevcai Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA). Raws li IDEA, cov koog tsev kawm ntawv yuav tsum muaj qhia ntawv tshwj xeeb thiab lwm yam pab txhawb. Cov koog tsev kawm ntawv yuav tsum muaj AT rau tus menyuam yog nws toobkas AT thiaj kawm ntawv tau. Cov menyuam kawm ntawv pab tshwj xeeb muaj feem tau siv cov AT hauv tsev kawm ntawv tshaj.  
    
2. Txoj kevcai Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act. Qhov no txwv tsis pub cais/xaiv neeg rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv xiab oob qhab hauv chaw kev kawm ntawv nrog lwm cov menyuam thiab kawm ntawv tshwj xeeb. Tej zaum yuav tsum tau AT yuav tsum tau “hloov kom tsim nyog” raw s li txoj kev npaj 504. Hloov kom tsim nyog yog thaum lub tsev kawm ntawv kho lawv lub tsev kawm ntawv lossis lawv cov kevcai kom tus menyuam xiam oob qhab thiaj tau kev kawm ntawv thiab siv qhov chaw li lwm cov menyuam.  
    
3. Txoj kevcai Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Cov koog tsev kawm ntawv yuav tsum muaj kev pab tsim nyog rau menyuam kawm ntawv xiam oob qhab thiab muaj cov khoom thiab kev pab, kom tus menyuam thiaj sib txuas lus tau. Tej no yog xws li: neeg txhais lus, ntaus ntawv kom nyeem tau, lossis pjau ntawv thiab ntaub ntawv sau cov niam ntawv loj.

Tej zaum tus menyuam kawm ntawv muaj qhov xiam oob qhab uas cuab tsuam loj nws lub neej yuav muaj feem tau txoj kev npaj 504 txawm yog tias nws tsis muaj feem txais kev kawm ntawv tshwj xeeb. 

Tsev kawm ntawv yuav tsum hloov kom tsim nyog rau tagnrho cov menyuam kawm ntawv muab xiam oob qhab thaum qhov xiam oob qhab cuab tshuam txoj kev ua neej ib yam lossis ntau tshaj ntawd. Tej no yog xws li, tu tus kheej, ua haujlwm siv dag zog, mus kev, pom kev, hais lus, hais lus, ua pa, kev kawm, lossis ua haujlwm. Tej zaum qhov kev npaj 504 los nrog cov khoom thiab kev pab AT.  

Ntxiv ntawd, cov koog tsev kawm ntawv yuav muaj AT hloov tsim nyog yog tias tus menyuam kawm ntawv toobkas nws es thiaj siv tau cov khooskas kawm ntawv thiab qhov chaw.

Nco Cia: Yav no lawm tod ntawm daim ntawv qhia no yog lus qhia rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv tau txais kev kawm ntawv tshwj xeeb. Yog koj tus menyuam tsis muaj feem tau kev kawm ntawv tswj xeeb tabsis koj xav tias tej zaum nws yuav muaj feem tau txoj kev npaj 504, nrog tus pab txhawb tham lossis tiv tauj lub MN Disability Law Center kom muaj lus qhia ntxiv lossis pab.  

Ua ntej tus menyuam tau kev kawm ntawv tshwj xeeb, nws yuav tsum soj ntsuam seb tus menyuam kawm ntawv puas muaj feem tau tso. Qhov kev soj ntsuam qhia tias tus menyuam kawm ntawv qhov kev toobkas kawm ntawv yog dabtsi.

Qhov kev soj ntsuam yog ua los ntawm ib pab neeg hauv koog tsev kawm ntawv. Niam txiv thiab neeg saib xyuas thiab tus menyuam yog ib co ntawm pab neeg ntawd. Pab neeg tsim tsa qhov khooskas kawm ntawv rau tus menyuam kawm ntawv hu uas Individual Education Program (EIP). Rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv tsis tau muaj 3 xyoo, lub IEP hu uas Idividual Family Services (IFSP). Qhov IEP qhia cov kev toobkas tshwj xeeb rau tus menyuam, hom phiaj thiab yuav ua li cas thiaj pab tus menyuam kawm ntawv kawm mus tau zuj zus, kawm hloov dua tshiab, kev pab kom xws lwm tus, thiab lwm yam khoom thiab kev pab ntxiv.

Rau txhuas tus menyuam kawm ntawv nyob hauv kev kawm ntawv tshwj xeeb, pab neeg IEP yuav tsum saib seb tus menyuam kawm ntawv puas toobkas cov cuab yeej cuab tam thiab kev pab cuam AT.

Pab neeg IEP txiav txim siab tias qhov khoom twg tus menyuam kawm ntawv toobkas. Yog pab neeg muaj lus nug tias toobkas qhov khoom AT twg, lawv mam li rov soj ntsuam dua. Soj ntsuam tau rau khoom AT thaum pib soj ntsuam rau kev kawm ntawv tshwj xeeb lossis ua tau tom qab yog tias tus menyuam kev toobkas hloov lawm. Pab neeg txiav txim siab tias leejtwg yuav soj ntsuam. Yog lub koog tsev kawm ntawv tsis muaj ib tug neeg ua haujlwm txawj kuaj, lub koog tsev kawm ntawv yuav tsum ntiav ib tug paub ua ntawm lwm lub koomhaum tsoom fwv lossis peejxwm lub koomhaum. Tsis kom niam/txiv them.   

Tau. Tus menyuam kawm ntawv twb siv AT lawm yuav tsum siv tau qhov AT thaum soj ntsuam lossis xeem. Piv txwv, tus menyuam siv qhov pab txuas lus lossis qhov pab tuav tus xaum yuav tsum muab rau siv txhua zaum thaum xeem.

Yuav tsum soj ntsuam kom tiav tsis pub dhau 30 hnub.

Yog koj tsis pom zoo nrog qhov kev soj ntsuam los ntawm lub koog tsev kawm ntawv, koj nug tau kom tus sab nraud soj ntsuam. Lub tsev kawm ntawv yuav them rau. Yuav tsum sau ntawv mus thov qhov no ntawm tus neeg ua haujlwm lossis tus koog sawv cev ntawm pab neeg. Yog tsev kawm ntawv tsis kam cia sab nraud kuaj, lawv yuav tsum pib rooj plaub los qhia kom tau tias qhov kev soj ntsuam yeej zoo txaus thiab txhij txhua lawm.

Niam txiv siv lawv cov isaslas kho mob lossis them rau tus neeg sab nraud soj ntsuam tau. Pab neeg IEP yuav tsum rov los saib dua cov lus pom zoo ntawm qhov soj ntsuam sab nraud. Tabsis lub koog tsev kawm ntawv tis tas yuav ua raws li cov lus pom zoo, tsuas yog ntshe pab IEP pom zoo thiab muab lawv sau rau hauv qhov IEP.

Rau txhua tus menyuam nyob hauv kawm ntawv tshwj xeeb, pab neeg IEP yuav tsum xyuas seb tus menyuam puas toobkas cov cuab yeej cuab tam lossis kev pab AT. Nws muaj ob peb chav hauv IEP uas tej zaum hais txog AT:

• cov hom phiaj txwm xyoo
• tej yam kom ua tau sai
• qhov sau qhia txog cov cuab yeej cuab tam pab thiab kev pab cuam
• qhov sau qhia txog tus menyuam cov kev pab cuam kom zoo xws lwm tus

Yog toobkas AT rau tus menyuam kawm ntawv kom pab kawm tau ntawv tshwj xeeb, lub tsev kawm ntawv yuav tsum muaj qhov khoom thiab tsis kom tus menyuam kawm ntawv lossis tsev them. Koog tsev kawm ntawv tsuas hais tau kom tus menyuam kawm ntawv xiab oob qhab them qhov nqi yog nws yog tus nqi kom TAGNRHO txhus tus menyuam kawm ntawv them, xws li qhov nqi siv computers. 

Cov koog tsev kawm ntawv siv tau lwm qhov nyiaj tsuas tus menyuam kawm ntawv lossis tsev neeg tsis tau them.

• Medical Assistance  
• Tus menyuam qhov isalas yuav tus kheej  
• Kev Pab Kawm ua Haujlwm (Vocational Rehabilitation Services)
• Xeev Kev Pab rau Cov Dig Muag
• Cov Kev Pab thiab Cov Koomhaum pejxeem zej zog

Tsev kawm ntawv yuav tsum tau niam txiv lus tso cai los siv isalas kho mob.

Nco Cia: Siv isalas kho mob them tus kheej ua rau qhov koj yuav tau them nce lossis tsub ntxiv tsev neeg qhov nyiaj pub siv tau, ces yeej yog ib tug nqi them lawm thiab. Niam txiv tsis kam tsev kawm ntawv siv qhov isaslas kho mob los tau.   

Yog koog tsev kawm ntawv siv tus menyuam kawm ntawv qhov Medical Assistance lossis isalas kho mob them tus kheej los yuav qhov cuab yeej cuab tam, ces qhov cuab yeej cuab tam yog tus menyuam li. Pab neeg IEP txiav txim siab tias siv qho khoom li cas tom tsev kawm ntawv. Tabsi kam tus menyuam nqa mus tsev tom qab lawb ntawv thiab vas xaum vas thiv, cov hnub so, thiab phav ntawv thaum lub caij sov.

Yog pab neeg IEP txiav txim siab tias tus menyuam toobkas qhov AT, koog tsev kawm ntawv yuav tsum muab qhov AT cuab yeej cuab tam lossis kev pab txawm yog tias lawv tsis muaj nyiaj. 

Tsis tau. Tsuas yog pab neeg IEP thiaj li hloov tau qhov IEP xwb. Tus thawj tswj lossis cov saib xyuas tsev kawm ntawv hloov tsis tau qhov IEP. Lub koog tsev kawm ntawv yuav tsum ua raws li qhov IEP txawm yog lawv tsis pom zoo.

Ntau li ntau tau, yuav tsum qhia ntawv rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv tshwj xeeb nrog cov menyuam kawm ntawv tsis muaj xiam oob qhab. Yog siv tau qhov AT pab tau tus menyuam kawm ntawv kawm hauv hoob nrog lwm cov menyuam, lub tsev kawm ntawv yuav tsum muaj qhov AT rau hauv hoob nrog lwm cov menyuam kawm ntawv.   

Tau, tabtsis yuav tsum muab sau cia rau hauv qhov EIP. Nws yuav tsum yog siv rau qhov kev kawm thiaj coj tau qhov cuab yeej cuab tam mus tsev.

Tsev kawm ntawv yuav tsum ua raws li qhov IEP. Qhov IEP yuav tsum qhia tias qhov twg thiab thaum twg tus menyuam thiaj siv tau qhov AT. Cov tsev kawm ntawv txwv tsis tau lossis tsis kam cov menyuam kawm ntawv siv cov cuab yeej cuab tam uas pab kom tus menyuam kawm ntawv kawm ntawv ua taus. 

Yog tsev kawm ntawv yuav tau tshem tawm qhov cuab yeej cuab tam, xws li lub pab mus kev, lub rooj muaj log, lub pab hnov lus, thiab cov ntawv sau txuas lus kom tsis txhob raug mob rau ib tug neeg lossis qhov cuab yeej cuab tam, yuav tsum muab rov qab rau tus menyuam sai li sai tau.

Lub koog tsev kawm ntawv yuav tsum muaj AT rau cov menyua muaj xiam oob qhab raug tshem tawm ib ntus lossis nrho npe lawm uas toobkas qhov AT thiaj li tau kev kawm ntawv tsoom fwv tsim nyog dawb Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE).

Yog lub koog tsev kawm ntawv yog tus tswv ntawm qhov cuab yeej cuab tam thiab thaum tus menyuam kawm ntawv muaj xiam oob qhab hloov koog tsev kawm ntawv, lub koog tsev kawm ntawv tshiab yuav tau qhov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm lub koog tsev kawm ntawv qub. Tabsis tsis tas lub koog tsev kawm ntawv muab nws muag, yog tias lwm cov menyuam kawm ntawv siv tau qhov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawd.

Yog tus menyuam kawm ntawv yuav pib mus ua haujlwm lossis lub khooskas kawm ntawv qib siab, lub Department of Employment and Economic Development (DEED) mam li yuav qhov khoom ntawm lub koog tsev kawm ntawv. Tus menyuam kawm ntawv yuav tsum tau kev pab kawm ua haujlwm Ios ntawm DEED thiab qhov khoom yuav zoo tib yam li qhov nyob hauv txoj kev pab kho tus menyuam kawm ntaw ua nrog DEED. 

Yog koj tsis pom zoo nrog qhov IEP sau cia lossis qhov kuaj lossis yog tsev kawm ntawv tsis kam cov khoom lossis kev pab cuam AT toobkas, koj nrog pab neeg IEP lossis lwm cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev kawm ntawv tham ua ntej tso. Yog koj tseem tsis pom zoo, koj nug tau kom muaj cov hauv qab no:

• Tus neeg sab nraud kuaj (saib phaj 3)
• Rooj sablaj nrog koog tsev kawm ntawv cov neeg
• Sib kho
• Muaj tus coj sib tham IEP  
• Rooj plaub hais raws cai

Koj kuj ua tau ntawv tsis txaus siab mus rau lub Minnesota Department of Education (MDE). 

Koj muaj cai ntsib koog tsev kawm ntawv cov neeg yog koj tsis pom zoo nrog qhov IEP sau cia. Koog tsev kawm ntawv yuav tsum muab qhov rooj sablaj conciliation yog niam/txiv tsis pom zoo qhov IEP sau cia. 

Koj nug kom muaj qhov no los ntawm sau ntawv thov mus rau tus saib xyuas lossis sawv cev rau lub koog ntawm pab neeg. Yuav tsum muaj rooj sablaj conciliation tsis pub dhau 10 hnub ntawm qhov chaw thiab sijhawm ob tog, niam txiv thiab koog tsev kawm ntawv, pom zoo.

Tsis pub dhau 5 hnub tom qab rooj sablaj conciliation zaum kawg, lub koog tsev kawm ntawv yuav muab rau koj daim ntawv sau thiab daim ntawv IEP sau cia hais tias koog tsev kawm ntawv yuav ua li cas.

Koj nug qhov kev sib kho los ntawm Minnesota Special Education Mediation Services. Ib tug kws sib kho yuav pab tsev neeg thiab koog tsev kawm ntawv kho qhov teebmeem thiab kom cuag tau ib qho txiav txim siab zoo rau tus menyuam. 

Koj thiab koog tsev kawm ntawv yuav tsum pom zoo los sib kho. Tiv tauj tus thawj tswj kev kawm ntawv tshwj xeeb txog kev sib kho.

Yog koj muaj lus nug txog sib kho, hu rau Alternative Dispute Resolution Services tus thawj khiav haujlwm ntawm MDE: (651) 582-8518.

Muaj tus coj sib tham IEP yog pab neeg IEP sib them nrog tus neeg tsis tuaj leejtwg tog (tus coj sib them) uas sim los pab pab neeg tham txog thiab tsim tsa qhov IEP. Tus coj kev sib tham tsis yog tus txiav txim siab. Koj lossis koog tsev kawm ntawv nug tau kom muaj qhov kev sib tham.  

Qhov kev sib tham yuav tsum nyob rau lub sijhawm thiab chaw sawvdaws pom zoo. 

Yog koj muaj lus nug txog kev sib tham IEP, hu rau lub Alternative Dispute Resolution Services tus thawj khiav haujlwm MDE: 651-582-8518.

Yog cov no kho tsis tau qhov teebmeem, koj ua tau ntawv tsis txaus siab lossis nug kom muaj rooj plaub hais raws cai.

• Cov ntawv tsis txaus siab

Koj, lossis ib tug ntawm cov neeg nrog qhov no ua tau ntawv tsis txaus siab nrog lub MDE. Koj ua tau ntawv tsis txaus siab yog tias:

• Lub koog tsev kawm ntawv tsis ua raws li lub xeev lossis tsoom fwv cov kevcai
• Nws muaj lus tsis sib pom zoo ntawm niam/txiv thiab koog tsev kawm ntawv txog tus menyuam cov kev pab cuam. Qhov no yog hais txog thaum lub koog tsev kawm ntawv tsis muab qhov AT raws li sau hauv qhov IEP. 

Yuav tsum ua cov ntawv tsis txaus siab tsis pub dhau 1 xyoo. Lub MDE saib qhov lus tsis txaus siab thiab txiav txim siab tsis pub dhau 60 hnub. 

Muaj daim ntawv tsis txaus siab (PDF) ntawm MDE qhov vas sab. Mus tau: http://education.state.mn.us. (lus Askiv xwb)

• Nias rau Students and Families
• Hauv qab Programs and Initiatives
• Nias rau Special Education
• Ntawm sab laug saum toj, nias rau Conflicts in Special Education
• Swb hauv qab thiab nias rau Special Education Complaints

Muab daim ntawv ua tiav xa lossis luam ntawv xa fax mus rau: 

Minnesota Department of Education
Special Education Dispute Resolution Supervisor
Division of Compliance and Assistance
400 NE Stinson Blvd.
Minneapolis, MN 55413

651-582-8725 (Fax)

Koj yuav tsum luam daim ntawv tsis txaus siab xa mus rau lub koog tsev kawm ntawv lossis koomhaum qhia ntawv tsoomfwv rau koj tus menyuam tib lub sijhawm koj xa daim ntawv tsis txaus siab mus rau MDE.

• Rooj plaub hais raws cai

Rooj plaub hais raws cai pab kho teebmeem txog tus menyuam, kev kuaj, kev pab, lossis ua raws li FAPE, nrog rau teebmeem txog AT. 

Nws yog lub sijhawm rau koj los muab povthawj thiab nug tsev kawm ntawv cov neeg lus. Nws yog mloog los ntawm tus mloog plaub nyob nruab nrab. Tus mloog plaub yuav tsum sau ntawv txog lus muaj tseeb thiab lus txiav txim siab. Rooj plaub hais raws cai yog ib rooj plaub ua raws kevcai hais plaub.

Tsis tas koj nrhiav tus kws lij choj, tabsis yog ib qhov zoo tswv yim yog tham nrog ib tug ua ntej koj hais kom muaj rooj plaub raws cai.

Nws muaj qhia ntxiv txog kev kawm ntawv tshwj xeeb ntawm www.lawhelpmn.org/hm.  

• Nias rau Xiam Oob Qhab
• Nias rau Kev kawm ntawv tshwj xeeb thiab lwm yam kev kawm tsis tau ntawv

Lub MDE qhov vas sab kuj muaj ntxiv. Mus rau https://education.mn.gov.

• Nias rau Students and Families
• Nias rau Programs and Initiatives
• Nias rau Special Education

Lub Minnesota Disability Law Center muab tswv yim dawb rau cov neeg muaj xiam oob qhab hauv Minnesota. Tiv tauj peb ntawm:

Hauv zos: (612) 334-5970
Xov tooj hu dawb: 1-800-292-4150

Minnesota Disability Law Center
111 North 5th Street, Suite 100
Minneapolis, MN 55401-1780

www.mndlc.org (lus Askiv xwb)

Daim ntawv yog ua los ntawm Grant Number 90AG0003-01-00 los ntawm tus Administration for Community Living to the Minnesota STAR Program.  Cov kev xav tsuas yog cov sau li xwb thiab tsis txhais tias sawv ces rau cov kev xav los ntawm lub Department of Health and Human Services lossis lub  Administration for Community Living